Apart from pennycook’s ideas, in my opinion, promoting the problematizing spirit can be done by identifying where we fit in these tentative four epistemological categories:(1) I know that I know;(2) I know that I don’t know;(3) I don’t know that I know; and (4)I don’t know that I don’t know.They are not necessarily sequaenced as [...]
A major shift from harsh criticism is when a person intentionally activities his or her academic capacity to use critical thinking. One of the trends of such thinking is introduced by benjamin bloom (1984) who suggests that teachers ancourage learners to push their thinking beyond knowing and comprehending facts and data. It is desirable then [...]
The identification and analysis of interference between languages in contact has traditionally been a central aspect of the study of bilingualism. The intrusion of features of one language into another in the speech of bilinguals has been studied at the levels of phonology, morphology and syntax. The systems of the contact languages themselves have sometimes [...]
In the case of idiosyncratic dialects, some of the rules required to account for the dialect are not members of the set of rules of any social dialect; they are peculiar to the language of that speaker. All idiosyncratic dialects have this characteristic in common that some of the rules required to account for them [...]
What has come to be known as Error Analysis has to do with the investigation of the language of second language learners. It takes the point of view that the language of such a learner, or perhaps certain groupings of learners, is a special sort of dialect. This is based on two considerations: firstly, any [...]