Problematizing one’s own epistemological stances
Apart from pennycook’s ideas, in my opinion, promoting the problematizing spirit can be done by identifying where we fit in these tentative four epistemological categories:(1) I know that I know;(2) I know that I don’t know;(3) I don’t know that I know; and (4)I don’t know that I don’t know.They are not necessarily sequaenced as...
Problematizing sectarian secularism and spiritualism
Let me now turn our attention to my personal contemplation:I know some spiritual insights that have influenced my life, but I do not (and certainly will never) know the totality of how being”critical”reflects spirituality. In a religiously affiliated educational institution in which I belong to at present, to be”critical” may be comprehended as putting”worldly” worldviews...
From Bakhtin’s perspective to a critique of Paulo Freire and beyond
One of the central thoughts of a Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin’s (1981) philosophy of language is heteroglossia (p. 263). It is a field in which the contesting forces in discourse (centripetal versus centrifugal forces) intersperse and class (p. 272 onwards). Centripetal forces contain an authoritative voice4 that usually necessitates people to obey or at...
Pennycook’s transgressive pedagogy
Pennycook’s (2007) most current thought on a”critical philosophy of transgression” (p.43) is characterized by-non-exhoustively: * “a way of thinking and doing that is always problematizing”(p.37)-which, in my opinion, entails thinking more questions on language teacher education, oppressive realities in language pedagogy, how to incorporate freire’s humanizing pedagogy to language learning, and problematizing the distancing from...
